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The commonly used substances for disinfecting swimming pools are specifically chlorine, calcium hypochlorite, and liquefied chlorine. Chlorine is a powerful disinfectant that effectively kills bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens in pool water, making it safe for swimmers. Calcium hypochlorite is a solid form of chlorine commonly used in swimming pool maintenance due to its stability and effectiveness in killing harmful microorganisms. Liquefied chlorine, often available as liquid bleach, is another widely used and efficient form of chlorine disinfectant for pools.

The other options consist of substances that may have disinfection properties but are not primarily used for swimming pool sanitation. Bromine is sometimes used, but it is less common than chlorine in public and residential pools. Ozone and hydrogen peroxide can be used as disinfectants in certain applications but are not standard for pool disinfection on their own. Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and vinegar are primarily used for adjusting pH levels and cleaning rather than disinfecting swimming pools.